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Appendix

67 Nave User Manual

Envelope

An envelope is used to modulate a sound-shaping com-

ponent within a given time frame so that the sound is

changed in some manner. For instance, an envelope that

modulates the cutoff frequency of a filter opens and

closes this filter so that some of the signal’s frequencies

are filtered out. An envelope is started via a trigger, usu-

ally a fixed trigger. Normally, the trigger is a MIDI Note.

The classic envelope consists of four individually variab-

le phases: Attack, Decay, Sustain and Release. This se-

quence is called an ADSR envelope. Attack, Decay and

Release are time or slope values, and Sustain is a variable

volume level. Once an incoming trigger is received, the

envelope runs through the Attack and Decay phases until

it reaches the programed Sustain level. This level remains

constant until the trigger is terminated. The envelope

then initiates the Release phase until it reaches the mini-

mum value.

Filter

A filter is a component that allows some of a signal’s

frequencies to pass through it and dampens other fre-

quencies. The most important aspect of a filter is the filter

cutoff frequency. Filters generally come in four catego-

ries: low pass, high pass, band pass, and band stop. A

low pass filter dampens all frequencies above the cutoff

frequency. A high pass filter in turn dampens the fre-

quencies below the cutoff. The band pass filter allows

only those frequencies around the cutoff frequency to

pass, all others are dampened. A band stop filter does

just the opposite, i.e. it dampens only the frequencies

around the cutoff frequency. The most common type is

the low pass filter.

Filter Cutoff Frequency

The filter cutoff frequency is a significant factor for filters.

A low pass filter dampens the portion of the signal that

lies above this frequency. Frequencies below this value

are allowed to pass through without being processed.

High Pass Filter

A high pass filter dampens all frequencies below its

cutoff frequency. Frequencies above the cutoff point are

not affected.

LFO

LFO is an acronym for low-frequency oscillator. The LFO

generates a periodic oscillation at a low frequency and

features variable waveshapes. Similar to an envelope, an

LFO can be used to modulate a sound-shaping compo-

nent.

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